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List of Linux Distros
Notice This file draws inspiration from Wikipedia. Thank you- Wikipedia.
A model of Linux system is called a distro.
Composition: It has the Linux "kernel" - a set of commands that controls/manages all other packages (like brain in a human being), GNU [website: gnuDOTorg] and or KDE [website: kdeDOTorg] software, additional software (that is considered necessary/useful), "documentation" (a detailed guideline on all aspects of packages/system) and a graphic and/or command line environment. Only free and open-source software is given. Usually "drivers" ie., scripts for running/controlling (most commonly used computer parts/accessories) hardware are also included. There are "repositories" or "mirrors" (websites working like storage places) for all kinds of software. More software can be added by the user as per requirements.
More popular distributions: Hundreds of Linux distros are available. Usually they have branched off from existing popular distros as a measure of specialisation- for use in "desktops" (individual systems), for "servers" (master machines serving a large number of units), security, rescue operations, multi-media, web servers and embedded drivers. Some are on commercial (payment) basis- (Red Hat, SUSE, Ubuntu) and others are maintained by groups consisting of volunteers- (Debian, Slackware, Gentoo and Arch Linux). The methodology of using, downloading, installing and using may differ but the underlying logic is same.
- Android: It is the OS of Google company. It is mainly for mobile devices but can compete with other distros.
- Arch Linux: It is meant for experienced Linux users and maintained by a volunteer community.
- Centos: It is based on Fedora but has longer "shelf life"- official group support. This takes care of disadvantages of short span of shelf life of Fedora releases. Recently Red Hat announced that there will be no Centos, but only CentosStream linked with Red Hat. Centos7- earlier version hassupport till June 20224 and current version Centos8 will have updates and support till end of 2021. CentOs's cofounder has already announced that the replacement for CentOs- Rocky Linux will be released in March 2021.
- Debian: It is maintained by a volunteer community commited to free software principles. Several major popular distros are also based on it either in form or methodology.
- Dynabolic: It (website: dyneDOTorg) is a specialised distro for multi media.It is a live cd.
- Gentoo: It is a distribution for experienced users. It has a FreeBSD Ports-like automated system for compiling/installing applications.
- IprediaOS (website: iprediaDOTorg).This distro addresses the problem of concentrated/penetrative attacks from internet, intrusion by known and unknown persons and other security-related issues.
- Knoppix: It is a "livecd" running completely from removable media.
- Kubuntu: It is the KDE version of Ubuntu.
- Linux Mint: It is a distribution based on and is compatible with Ubuntu.
- Musix GNU+Linux: It (website: musixdistroDOTwordpressDOTcom) is a specialised distro for multi media.
- OpenSUSE: It is a community distribution mainly sponsored by SUSE. Its commercial variant is SUSE Linux Enterprise.
- PilicanHPC: It can create cluster of computers for parallel computing. It enables high speed computing.
- ProteanOS: It (website: proteanosDOTcom) is meant for embedded systems/devices.
- Red Hat/Fedora: They are excellent distros with latest developments. Red Hat: There is support on payment basis from Red Hat and even Oracle(!!). There are releases within a year, with latest versions of applications. Fedora is community work, backed by Red Hat organisation while Red Hat is commercial work i.e., offering support on payment.
- Scientific Linux: It is an off-shoot of Red Hat. It is for scientifc applications.
- Slackware: It is one of the first Linux distributions and among the earliest still maintained, committed to remain highly Unix-like structure and easily modifiable: but an excellent system.
- Tails (The Amnesic Incognito Live System) (website: tailsDOTboumDOTorg). These distros address the problem of concentrated/penetrative attacks from internet, intrusion by known and unknown persons and other security-related issues.
- Trisquel: It is an Ubuntu-based distribution based on Linux-libre kernel composed entirely of free software for scientific fields.
- TOR (website: torprojectsDOTorg). This distro address the problem of concentrated/penetrative attacks from internet, intrusion by known and unknown persons and other security-related issues.
- Ubuntu: It is a desktop and server distribution derived from Debian.
- Whonix (website: whonixDOTorg). This distro addresses the problem of concentrated/penetrative attacks from internet, intrusion by known and unknown persons and other security-related issues.
- Livecd distros: They work on RAM. Some of the best are Puppy Linux (easy, fast, recognises commonly used hardware), Slax (modular, straightaway expandable according to needs, fast) and LiMP (for audio-video playing, handles common codecs efficiently). These are smaller versions of linux operating system. The advantages: 1. Fast (ofen the system is only in MBs- not GBs). 2.Existing system is untouched. 3. Almost complete security is assured from malware, virus which are spread from internet. The current trend is that big distros have now in-built "guest user" portion that is in fact a live cd/dvd.
The logic, basic system, commands are essentially the same. The variety is due to specialisation, diversity of opinions and options.
For more details visit the websites of distrowatchDOTcom, livecdlistDOTcom, fsfDOTorg, the concerned distros and the individual applications.
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